(1) Acid-base chemistry
• Relates acids and bases to the pH scale using universal indicator
• Chemical reactions can result in color changes
• Dry ice is solid CO2 (states of matter) that is weakly acidic in solution
(2) Blue bottle
• Methylene blue is a common dye and stain with many biological and chemical applications
• Methylene blue reacts with oxygen to become blue in solution
• Chemical reactions can result in color changes
• Redox reaction: glucose enolate reacts with methylene blue; methylene blue gets reduced and the solution becomes colorless
(3) Four color clock reaction
• Oscillation/clock redox reaction
• Chemical equilibrium
• Chemical reactions can result in color changes
(4) Silver mirror
• Precipitate silver salt from silver nitrate to form a silver “mirror” by oxidizing sugar!
• Redox reaction
(5) Fluorescent chemistry
• Understanding the basics behind a glow stick using simple chemistry
• Chemical reactions can release energy in the form of light
(6) Phosphorescent chemistry
• Slower emission of light (compared to fluorescence)
(7) Liquid nitrogen
• States of matter can change with changes in temperature
• Major component of flowers is water; becomes frozen in liquid nitrogen
(8) Polymer chemistry
• Polymer: a repeating chemical unit to form useful materials
• Nylon: mix diamine and diacid, polymerize via condensation reactions (found in clothes!)
(9) Elephant toothpaste
2 H2O2 (aq) -> 2 H2O (l) + O2 (g)
• Rapidly decompose hydrogen peroxide, in soapy solution, using a KI catalyst to make a foamy explosion!
• Reaction catalysis and kinetics
• Exothermic reaction (releases heat energy)
(10) Boiling water in liquid nitrogen
• How do two completely different temperature liquids behave with one another?
• Boiling water instantly forces N2 gas, and the cold N2 liquid freezes the water!