X-ray science has undergone a revolution in the past decade. More than 50 years after the demonstration of the visible laser, it is finally possible to routinely generate laser-like beams spanning the extreme ultraviolet to the soft X-ray region. Large- and small-scale coherent X-ray sources, including high harmonic generation (HHG) and X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) have enabled a broad range of applications. The past eight years in particular have seen breakthrough advances in the HHG source itself, in the development of new laser technologies, as well as in new experimental methodologies and applications.[1-5] The extreme quantum coherence of high harmonic light sources makes it possible to precisely control x-ray light using visible lasers, to the extent that it is now possible to produce short wavelength waveforms with controlled spectral shape, temporal shape extending into the zeptosecond regime (10-21 s), polarization state, and structure. This is important - most advanced applications of lasers require precise control over light, and this has not been possible to date in the X-ray region due to limitations in what optical components are available. This talk will present recent advances in high harmonic light sources, and also review exciting applications in materials and imaging science.