Abstract: Enolate based carbon-carbon bond-formation is fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry and has provided the foundation for advancement to its present state. Despite this long and highly prolific history, important methodological advances involving enolates and their analogues continue to flourish.

The efficient conversion of photon energy into electrical charges is a central goal of much research in physics, chemistry, and biology, especially in areas such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and photosynthesis.