A Tale of Three Proteins: Novel Primary and Secondary Protein Dynamics in Phytochromes and Cyanobacteriochromes

The photodynamics of recently characterized phytochrome and cyanobacteriochrome photoreceptors are discussed. Phytochromes are red/far-red photosensory proteins that utilize the photoisomerization of a linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophore to detect the red to far-red light ratio. Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are distantly related cyanobacterial photosensors with homologous bilin-binding GAF domains, but exhibit greater spectral diversity.

The ChemWiki is dead, long live the LibreTexts: Decoupling Commercial Textbooks from Postsecondary Education

It is becoming ever clearer that new and innovative educational efforts are required to facilitate the greater creativity, flexibility, and increased learning capability needed for post-secondary education in the future. Unfortunately, rapidly rising undergraduate fees and textbook costs are serious factors impeding access to higher education for many students; many of which do not have the funds to benefits from these new advances that are often commercialized.

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